Table 2 Direct and indirect cost of diabetes in Thailand

Direct and indirect costs

Median and (mean) cost of illness per type of patient per year

Study year: Oct 2007- Sep 2008

[60] same study as [37, 38]

Independent: USD$ 124 (USD$ 598), SD 2152

Reference year for estimate is the fiscal year 2008

Disabled: USD$ 811 (USD$ 2,700), SD 4982

Setting: Waritchaphum Hospital. A 30-bed public district hospital in Sakhon Nakhon province in northeastern Thailand

Sample and study design: 475 randomly selected diabetic patients. Prevalence-based cost of illness, societal perspective

Median and (mean) cost of illness per patient (both disabled and independent) per year: USD 140 (USD$ 881),[82.01-552.50]

Study year: Oct 2007- Sep 2008

[37] same study as [38, 60]

This included 23% of direct medical cost, 40% of direct non-medical cost, and 37% of indirect cost

Reference year for estimate is the fiscal year 2008

Informal care contributed to 28% of total cost of illness

Setting: Waritchaphum Hospital. A 30-bed public district hospital in Sakhon Nakhon province in northeastern Thailand.

Sample and study design: 475 randomly selected diabetic patients. Prevalence-based cost of illness, societal perspective

Direct costs

Average public treatment cost per patient per year was USD 95

Study year: Oct 2007- Sep 2008

[62]

Drug cost was the highest cost component (25% of total cost), followed by inpatient cost (24%) and outpatient visit cost (17%).

Reference year for estimate is the fiscal year 2008

Setting: Waritchaphum Hospital. A 30-bed public district hospital in Sakhon Nakhon province in northeastern Thailand.

Sample and study design: 475 randomly selected diabetic patients. Retrospective prevalence-based cost of illness study, provider perspective

Annual average cost of illness (including patients with complications): USD$ 158 (THB 6,331)

Study year: October 2000-September 2001

[52]

Contribution to the total cost: 45% pharmacy services, 24% outpatient services, 16% inpatient services, 11% laboratory investigations.

Setting: 30-bed public community hospital in central Thailand

Annual cost for DMT2 and DMT1 patients with no complication USD$ 101 (THB 4,037) and USD$ 251 (THB 10,059) respectively

Sample and study design: 186 diabetes patients. Retrospective prevalence-based cost of illness study, provider perspective

Indirect costs

Median and (mean) cost of informal care per month

Study year: 2008

[38] same study as

Opportunity cost approach: USD 27 (USD$ 37)

Setting: Waritchaphum Hospital. A 30-bed public district hospital in Sakhon Nakhon province in northeastern Thailand.

Proxy good method:

Sample and study design: 190 informal caregivers. Interview with carers, revealed preference method

USD$ 23 (USD 34)

Average time spent on informal care was 112 hours per month