Table 5 Cost of diabetes complications in Thailand

Median cost per year (USD$ at 2008 prices) of diabetes for patients:

Study year: 2007-2008

[60]

With complications: USD$ 480 (n = 148, SD = 3,023)

Setting: Waritchaphum hospital in Sakhon Nakhon province (North-East Thailand)

Without complications: USD$ 115 (n = 327, SD = 2,648)

Sample and study design: 475 randomly selected diabetic patients

Independent: USD$ 124 (n = 411, SD = 2,152)

Any level of disability: USD$ 811 (n = 61, SD = 4,982)

Mildly disabled: USD$ 668 (n = 51, SD = 3,848)

Moderate disability: USD$ 2,374 (n = 7, SD = 7,940)

Severely disabled: USD$ 4,891 (n = 1, SD = 0)

Very severely disabled: USD$ 4,378 (n = 5, SD = 7,622)

Average spending per hospital admission as percentage of GDP per capita and in USD (constant 2000):

Study year: 2006-2008

[61] USD equivalents of the percentage of GDP spent per hospital admission were calculated by the authors using GDP data (USD constant 2000, 2,712 in 2007) from The World Bank.

Total: 62% (USD$ 1682)

Setting: University hospital in Bangkok

without complications: 49% (USD$ 1,329)

Sample and study design: The study included all 8,596 (94% insured, 6% uninsured) DM patients admitted in the hospital during 2006-2008. Retrospective data analysis.

with myocardial infarction: 108% (USD$ 2,930)

with congestive heart failure: 93% (USD$ 2523)

with peripheral vascular disease: 116% (USD$ 3147)

with ulcer: 106% (USD$ 2,876)

with hemiplegia: 63% (USD$ 1,709)

with moderate/severe renal disease: 90% (USD$ 2,442)

Median cost of illness per year:

Study year: 2007-2008

[37] same study as [60]

With complications USD$ 480 (n = 148, IQR = 129-1552)

Setting: Waritchaphum hospital in Sakhon Nakhon province (North-East Thailand)

Without complications USD$ 115 (n = 327, IQR = 74-286)

Sample and study design: 475 randomly selected diabetic patients. Micro-costing approach.

With microvascular complications USD$ 641 (n = 59, IQR = 207-2,268)

With macrovascular complications USD$ 367 (n = 11, IQR = 111-2,463)

With micro- and macrovascular complications USD$ 666 (n = 11, IQR = 201-2,707)

With microvascular complications and cataract USD$ 745 (n = 23, IQR = 376-1,358)

Cataract USD$ 151 (n = 44, IQR = 94-587)

Predicted cost per year of DM T2 (N = 186):

Study year: 2001

[52]

without complications USD$ 101 (BHT 4,037)

Setting: 30-bed public hospital in central Thailand

with hypertension USD$ 117 (BHT 4,686)

Sample and study design: 186 diabetic patients. Retrospective prevalence-based cost of illness study. Multiple regression analysis was used to predict cost of DM for various types of complications.

with hyperlipidaemia USD$ 144 (BHT 5,775)

with diabetic foot USD$ 190 (BHT 7,603)

with hyperglycaemia USD$ 209 (BHT 8,369)

with hypoglycaemia USD$ 247 (BHT 9,860)

with cerebrovascular accident USD$ 260 (BHT 10,418)

with gangrene USD$ 336 (BHT 13,417)

(40 THB = 1 USD$ at 2011 prices)