Skip to main content

Table 2 Odds ratios for the association between baseline risk factors and incident and persistent depression in SAGE Wave 1 (2007/10)

From: The role of unhealthy lifestyles in the incidence and persistence of depression: a longitudinal general population study in four emerging countries

Baseline risk factorsa

Persistent depression

Incident depression

O.R. (95% CI)

p

O.R. (95% CI)

p

Sex (ref. men)

0.88 (0.49, 1.59)

0.69

1.15 (0.84, 1.57)

0.37

Age

0.99 (0.98, 1.01)

0.61

1.02 (1.00, 1.02)

<0.001

Unemployed (ref. employed)

1.25 (0.75, 2.09)

0.39

0.75 (0.63, 1.11)

0.22

Education (ref. less than primary)

0.82 (0.49, 1.38)

0.47

0.78 (0.59, 1.04)

0.087

Household income (ref. quintile 3rd, 4th and 5th)

0.61 (0.39, 0.94)

0.027

0.87 (0.68, 1.12)

0.29

Current smokers (ref. not-current smoker)

 Non-daily smokers

0.38 (0.05, 2.99)

0.36

2.06 (1.18, 3.62)

0.011

 Daily smokers

0.93 (0.55, 1.57)

0.80

1.46 (1.09, 1.97)

0.012

Alcohol consumption (ref. never drinkers)

 Non-heavy drinkers

0.98 (0.36, 2.61)

0.96

0.93 (0.57, 1.52)

0.78

 Heavy drinkers

4.72 (1.03, 21.72)

0.040

1.59 (0.67, 3.75)

0.29

Physical inactive (ref. high active)

 Moderate physical activity

0.59 (0.23, 1.48)

0.26

0.97 (0.66, 1.42)

0.89

 Low physical activity

2.11 (1.24, 3.59)

0.006

1.23 (0.89, 1.68)

0.20

BMI (ref. normal range)

 Underweight

0.64 (0.36, 1.15)

0.14

1.45 (1.07, 1.96)

0.016

 Overweight/obese

1.48 (0.75, 2.89)

0.26

0.99 (0.68, 1.00)

0.97

Chronic condition (ref. none)

1.28 (0.78, 2.10)

0.32

1.32 (1.02, 1.72)

0.034

Global health

0.92 (0.96, 1.00)

0.11

0.99 (0.98, 1.00)

0.14

  1. aAnalyses were controlled by country (Mexico was the reference category)