Characteristics | Category | Mean ± SD | Mean Difference | p value | F value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Geographical region | Sub-Saharan Africa (Ref.) | 316.77 ± 97.49 |  | < 0.001 | 19.11 |
Asia Pacific | 175.40 ± 71.59 | 141.37** |  |  | |
Europe and Central Asia | 165.14 ± 90.09 | 151.62** |  |  | |
Latin America and Caribbean | 198.30 ± 72.34 | 118.47** |  |  | |
Middle East and North Africa | 136.05 ± 69.29 | 180.71** |  |  | |
South Asia | 197.37 ± 59.62 | 119.39** |  |  | |
North America | 106.50 ± 33.23 | 210.27** |  |  | |
Economic level | Low income (Ref.) | 319.90 ± 77.73 |  | < 0.001 | 36.33 |
Lower middle income | 257.02 ± 89.47 | 62.87* |  |  | |
Upper middle income | 196.97 ± 85.04 | 122.92** |  |  | |
High income: Non OECD | 149.76 ± 87.92 | 170.14** |  |  | |
High income: OECD | 102.96 ± 38.10 | 216.93** |  |  | |
Political stability | Unstable (Ref.) | 254.2 ± 96.4 |  | < 0.001 | 23.72 |
Average | 176.6 ± 107.3 | 77.58** |  |  | |
Stable | 98.8 ± 32.7 | 155.39** |  |  | |
Religion | No state religion (Ref.) | 225.5 ± 102.8 |  | 0.046 | 3.63 |
Christian | 186.9 ± 101.6 | 38.58* |  |  | |
Muslim | 180.0 ± 97.2 | 45.56* |  |  | |
Buddhist | 197.6 ± 74.6 | 27.90 |  |  | |
Other traditional religion | 310.0 ± 149.3 | −84.43* |  |  | |
Universal Health Coverage | No (Ref.) | 244.5 ± 100.3 |  | < 0.001 | 61.89 |
Yes | 126.5 ± 66.2 | 118.0** |  |  |