Associations between bride price stress and intimate partner violence amongst pregnant women in Timor-Leste

Table 3 Multivariate associations of severe intimate partner violence (IPV) with the stress of bride price and the stress of poverty

	Total respondents	Physical and severe psychological abuse ^b
	Total respondents	Row: % (n)	Adjusted OR (95%CI) ^c
Ongoing poverty^a
No problem at all (ref. category)	802	18.2(146)	1.0
Some problem	667	31.2(208)	1.60 (1.23–2.07)*
Moderately serious/very serious problem	202	37.6(76)	1.75 (1.20–2.56)*
p values from Chi-square test		p = 0.01
Problems with lia (bride price)
No problem at all (ref. category)	899	18.0 (162)	1.0
A bit of a problem	600	32.2 (193)	1.85 (1.43–2.39)*
Moderately serious/very serious problem	172	43.6 (075)	2.73 (1.86–4.01)*
p values from Chi-square test		p = 0.01

^aPoverty included the following three items: not enough food; poor shelter; not enough money for school fees. Each item is scored 1 to 4: 1. not a problem, 2. a bit of problem, 3. a moderately serious problem, 4. a serious problem; total score range 3 to 12)
^bPhysical and severe psychological abuse includes any physical abuse (n = 103) and severe psychological abuse (threatening, intimidating and controlling behaviour) (n = 437)
^cAdjusted OR: odds ratios are adjusted for age, educational status, occupation, and whether first or subsequent pregnancy.
Note: * Odds ratios are significant at p<0.05

ISSN: 1744-8603