Food category | 1999 (mean ± SD) | 2010 (mean ± SD) | Trenda | Wilcoxon Test (p-value) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cereals | ||||
Rice | 12.4 ± 3.6 | 14.7 ± 0.7 | ↑ | 0.0019 |
Bread | 12.7 ± 0.6 | 12.0 ± 2.5 | - | 0.4441 |
Pasta | 1.8 ± 2.5 | 4.3 ± 4.0 | ↑↑ | 0.0277 |
Cookies/crackers | 1.9 ± 2.9 | 2.0 ± 1.8 | - | 0.6791 |
Cake | 0.4 ± 0.7 | 1.7 ± 2.2 | ↑↑↑↑ | 0.0356 |
Corn | 0.5 ± 1.3 | 1.7 ± 2.0 | ↑↑↑ | 0.0061 |
Animal protein | ||||
Carnivorous fish | 4.6 ± 3.1 | 3.5 ± 3.6 | - | 0.1730 |
Omnivorous fish | 4.4 ± 2.8 | 6.1 ± 2.9 | - | 0.0853 |
Herbivorous fish | 4.5 ± 3.2 | 4.4 ± 2.2 | - | 0.8789 |
Beef | 4.0 ± 2.4 | 8.7 ± 3.4 | ↑↑ | 0.0001 |
Local free-range chicken | 1.0 ± 1.3 | 0.2 ± 0.5 | ↓↓↓↓↓ | 0.0159 |
Frozen farmed chicken | 0.4 ± 0.8 | 2.8 ± 2.6 | ↑↑↑↑↑ | 0.0006 |
Game meat | 4.5 ± 2.6 | 2.6 ± 2.5 | ↓ | 0.0066 |
Purchased meatsb | 4.4 ± 2.4 | 9.5 ± 3.1 | ↑↑ | < 0.0001 |
Eggs | 2.7 ± 2.1 | 5.5 ± 3.3 | ↑↑ | 0.0007 |
Dairy | ||||
Milk | 8.0 ± 5.1 | 13.4 ± 1.7 | ↑↑ | 0.0004 |
Butter | 12.0 ± 3.9 | 13.8 ± 2.0 | - | 0.0883 |
Vegetables/legumes | ||||
Total | 12.2 ± 2.8 | 12.7 ± 2.9 | - | 0.8871 |
Tomato | 11.4 ± 3.6 | 11.0 ± 4.1 | - | 0.7510 |
Bean | 4.2 ± 3.5 | 8.2 ± 4.2 | ↑↑ | 0.0009 |
Collard greens | 0.6 ± 1.5 | 2.9 ± 3.9 | ↑↑↑↑↑ | 0.0395 |
Pepper | 1.6 ± 3.0 | 1.3 ± 2.1 | - | 0.8613 |
Cabbage | 0.04 ± 0.2 | 2.0 ± 2.8 | ↑↑↑↑↑ | 0.0010 |
Roots/tubers | ||||
Cassava flour | 14.7 ± 0.6 | 14.4 ± 0.7 | - | 0.3139 |
Cassava | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 1.3 ± 3.8 | ↑↑↑↑↑ | 0.0180 |
Potato | 0.5 ± 1.2 | 3.0 ± 3.6 | ↑↑↑↑↑ | 0.0056 |
Condiments | ||||
Parsley | 7.4 ± 5.6 | 11.1 ± 3.6 | ↑ | 0.0105 |
Onion | 13.3 ± 2.3 | 13.3 ± 2.0 | - | 0.8617 |
Garlic | 2.1 ± 4.3 | 9.4 ± 3.4 | ↑↑↑↑ | 0.0002 |
Paprika | 0.3 ± 1.3 | 10.2 ± 3.2 | ↑↑↑↑↑ | < 0.0001 |
Fruits | ||||
Total | 8.9 ± 3.8 | 11.3 ± 3.9 | - | 0.0582 |
Banana | 5.5 ± 4.0 | 9.2 ± 3.9 | ↑ | 0.0075 |
Ingá | 0.04 ± 0.2 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | - | 0.3287 |
Orange | 0.5 ± 1.0 | 3.5 ± 3.6 | ↑↑↑↑↑ | 0.0018 |
Guava | 1.2 ± 2.3 | 0.6 ± 1.8 | - | 0.1834 |
Mango | 1.8 ± 3.3 | 0.1 ± 0.6 | ↓↓↓↓↓ | 0.0323 |
Jambo | 1.4 ± 2.8 | 0.4 ± 0.9 | - | 0.1330 |
Watermelon | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 1.8 ± 2.0 | ↑↑↑↑↑ | 0.0015 |
Avocado | 0.5 ± 1.1 | 0.4 ± 1.0 | - | 0.9492 |
Pineapple | 0.04 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.9 | ↑↑↑↑↑ | 0.0425 |
Apple | 0.3 ± 0.8 | 0.7 ± 1.0 | - | 0.1823 |
Papaya | 0.4 ± 1.3 | 1.0 ± 1.9 | - | 0.2049 |
Acerola | 0.7 ± 1.2 | 0.04 ± 0.2 | ↓ | 0.0251 |
Cashew | 2.2 ± 3.2 | 1.4 ± 2.1 | - | 0.2243 |
Grape | 0.1 ± 0.6 | 0.3 ± 0.9 | - | 0.4652 |
Coconut | 0.3 ± 0.6 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | - | 0.1159 |
Beverages | ||||
Coffee | 14.3 ± 1.1 | 13.5 ± 1.9 | - | 0.1261 |
Natural fruit juice | 0.7 ± 2.4 | 2.1 ± 2.8 | ↑↑↑ | 0.0281 |
Processed juice | 0.04 ± 0.2 | 2.7 ± 2.7 | ↑↑↑↑↑ | 0.0006 |
Soft drinks | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 1.6 ± 2.1 | ↑↑↑↑↑ | 0.0046 |