From: Global Health diplomacy for noncommunicable diseases prevention and control: a systematic review
Author | Country/Region | Year | Journal | Level of Diplomacy | Domain | article type | Method | key findings |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hospedales et al. [33] | CARICOM* | 2011 | Pan American Journal of Public Health | Regional | Advocacy, Political Factors | Commentary and perspectives | Qualitative- opinion piece on the process of and lessons learned in achieving the political commitment of heads of government manifested by a one-day summit on the prevention and control of NCDs* | Implementation of the NCD Summit Declaration mandates was most effective in larger countries with greater capacity, but countries of all sizes performed well, when they had regional or global support. Progress was limited in regional approaches to food security, labeling, and elimination of trans fats. Inadequate funding stymied several resource-dependent interventions. Monitoring mechanisms were established, but more concrete goals are needed, especially for actions of non-health government agencies. |
Lencucha et al. [34] | Canada | 2010 | Health Policy and Planning | Global | NGOs, GHD, FCTC, International Negotiations, Global Health Governance | Original study | Grounded theory—qualitative data from public documents and in-depth interviews with participants from the government and NGOs* | Five key activities or roles of the Canadian NGOs during the negotiation of the FCTC*: monitoring, lobbying, brokering knowledge, offering technical expertise and fostering inclusion. |
Blouin [30] | – | 2012 | Administrative Sciences | Global | Global Health, Diplomacy, NCDs, Chronic Diseases, Policy, Global Collective Action | Review | Review—social sciences literature on policymaking at the domestic and international level | Adopting a global strategy with partners to increase media coverage. key role of civil society organizations in a strong collective response |
Lee [35] | Brazil | 2010 | PLoS Medicine | National/ Global | NGOs, GHD*, FCTC, International Negotiations | Original study | key informant interviews with Brazilian policymakers, diplomats, and public health advocates on the country’s role in FCTC negotiations, literature review of priary and secondary sources | providing leadership throughout the negotiation process |
Blouin & Dubé [36] | – | 2010 | Journal of Public Health Policy | Global | Obesity Prevention, NGOs, GHD, FCTC, International Negotiations | Review | Review of documents and studies— a simple analytical framework is used: (1) the specific problem requiring global collective action, (2) key actors, (3) their interests in the problem, (4) potential negotiation process, and (5) potential scenarios for collective action | require a much stronger engagement with developing countries |
Mamudu & Glantz [37] | – | 2009 | Global Public Health | Global | Civil Society, GHD, FCTC, International Negotiations | Original study | Interview and triangulation of archival documents and | Using proper strategies including publication of a newsletter, shaming, symbolism and media advocacy by the FCA to influence policy positions of countries during the FCTC negotiation. |
Teixeira et al. [38] | Brazil | 2017 | Cadernos de Saúde Pública | National/ Global | Civil Society, GHD, FCTC, International Negotiations | Original study | Kingdon’s perspective | The link between tobacco-related healthcare measures by technically skilled officials, the involvement of the high echelon of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (policy flow), the initiative for the establishment of the WHO*-FCTC (problem flow), and the existence of a favorable environment in executive and legislative (political flow), opened a opportunity window for WHO-FCTC approval and its inclusion in the government decision agenda. |
Sener [39] | – | 2014 | American Journal of Surgery | Global | Medical Diplomacy, Tobacco Control, Breast Health | Commentary and perspectives | Qualitative | Unprecedented presence and participation of NGOs in the drafting stages was helpful for starting negotiations for the treaty |
Smith & Irwin [40] | India | 2016 | Globalization and Health | National/ Global | Food and Non-alcoholic Beverages to Children, GHD, International Negotiations | Commentary and perspectives | Ethnographic study, in-depth interviews | a successful GHD in international level is part of a process, not the end, and an important part of conducting and evaluating GHD is a consideration of challenges and barriers concerning national action. |
Pearlman et al. [21] | – | 2016 | Science & Diplomacy | Global | GHD, Cancer, Multi-stakeholder collaborations, NCDs | case study | Document review and evidence-based survey | overcome many barriers with Effective partnership and careful coordination |
Wipfli & Samet [41] | – | 2012 | Tobacco Control | Global | GHD, FCTC, International Negotiations | Commentary and perspectives | Extending the lessons learned from tobacco control to NCD control | The collective response to NCDs should centralize on generating multisectoral evidence about the transnational factors influencing the rise in NCDs and their risk factors. |
Juma et al. [42] | Kenya, South Africa, Cameroon, Nigeria, and Malawi | 2018 | BMC Public Health | National/ Regional | Multi-sectoral Action | multiple case study | Document reviews and key informant interviews, McQueen’s framework for intersectoral governance | The need for mechanisms including approaches to capacity building and resource production to be able to take multi-sectoral measures in policy development, implementation and monitoring of NCD results. |
Dain [43] | – | 2018 | International Journal of Health Policy and Management | Global | Civil Society Networks, Coalition Building, Advocacy, Governance, Human Sustainable Development | Commentary and perspectives | Shiffman’s ‘Four Challenges that Global Health Networks Face’ | NCDA’s* advocacy has contributed to the call for global political commitment. |
Russell et al. [44] | – | 2018 | Global Public Health | Global | GHD, E-cigarettes, FCTC, International Law | Original study | Ethnography method | One of the important tasks of the FCA is to prepare policy brief on key issues. |
Frech [45] | Latin America | 2018 | Journal of Global Oncology | Regional/ Global | Cancer Research and Control, Partnerships and Diplomacy | Commentary and perspectives | Qualitative | The need for high-level cooperation (the President’s commitment), the sharing of information to support the efficient use of limited resources, the prevention of repeated attempts, and the synergy of current investments in specific countries are essential. |
Beaglehole [46] | – | 2011 | Lancet | Global | UN* High-Level Meeting on NCDs, Global Crisis, Need for Global Response, International Cooperation, Monitoring and Accountability | Commentary and perspectives | Report- providing evidence for the realities of the NCD situation, summaries key messages for heads of state and governments. | Long-term success requires inspiring and committed national and international leadership, improving primary health care, effective use of existing resources, new financing methods. |
Nishtar et al. [47] | – | 2018 | Lancet | Global | WHO Independent High-level Commission on NCDs, National Response to NCDs, International Cooperation | Commentary and perspectives | This report represented rich and diverse views and perspectives. | Ensureing implementation through legislation, regulation and standards or investment. Health in all policies, approaches of the whole government, the whole society and intersectoral approaches must be taken in the field of NCDs actions. Need technical support, training, practical research and capacity building initiatives. |
Samuels & Hospedales [48] | CARICOM | 2011 | West Indian Medical Journal | Regional/ Global | Heads of government, UN High-Level Meeting on NCDs | Commentary and perspectives | Report | commit to strengthening systems and incrising resources, endorse and implement the commitments made and identify and support leadership for sustained action and accountability for these initiatives. |
Hatefi et al. [49] | – | 2018 | Bulletin of the World Health Organization | Global | Global Susceptibility to NCDs, Accountability | Commentary and perspectives | Perspectives on rational response to global health risks | The main response to NCDs must happen downstream at the country level. |
Wickramasinghe et al. [50] | Lebanon, Morocco, Sudan, and Yemen | 2018 | Global Health Action | National/ Regional | Multisectoral Action, National-level stakeholders | original study | Structured interviews with key stakeholders | Achievement to national multisectoral action plans development through collaboration and good technical support. |
Mendis [51] | – | 2010 | British Medical Bulletin | Global | Policies to Support Regulatory, Legislative, Intersectoral Action | Commentary and perspectives | Qualitative review | Needed to develop innovative approaches for revenue generation for prevention and control of NCDs. Adapted agenda concering the context of contries. |
Maher & Sridhar [52] | – | 2012 | Journal of Global Health | Global | Global Fight Against NCDs, global health policy communities, political leaders | discipline configurative case study | Qualitative -Shiffman’s 2009 political priority framework | Engaging the diverse actors for the global proliferation of NCDs. |
Gneiting & Schmitz [53] | – | 2016 | Health Policy and Planning | Global | Advocacy, Political Factors, Network Formation and Evolution in International Health Governance | Original study | In-depth qualitative analysis, in-depth examination of social and political processes with a paired comparison | global health networks (individuals to a global coalition of membership) are engaging in advocacy on a given health problem. |
Magnusson [54] | – | 2007 | Globalization and Health | Global | Global Health Governance | Commentary and perspectives | Report | Needed to broader framework of reference for lifestyle-related NCDs |
Battams & Townsend [55] | – | 2018 | Critical Public Health | Global/ nation | trade policy, policy coherence, social determinants of health, advocacy | original study | Interviews with key actors working across trade and health sectors | Support for advocacy coalitions operating basedn upon trade and geopolitical interests. Lobbying trade policy actors proactively and benefit from linking with global advocacy networks as a way to counter the power and resources of industries with NCD risk areas. |
Kirton et al. [56] | CARICOM | 2018 | Pan American Journal of Public Health | Regional/global | Port of Spain Summit Declaration, global and regional action | Original study | Using data from published literature, primary documents, and semistructured interviews (a method developed by the University of Toronto’s Global Governance Program) | requirement to embed NCDs in a whole-of-global-governance approach, monitor implementation annually, develop transregional partnerships, engage civil society and support regular regional and global summits |
Greaves et al. [57] | CARICOM | 2018 | Pan American Journal of Public Health | Regional | Port of Spain Summit Declaration, Health communication | Commentary and perspectives | Report and review | the NCDs advocate should be considered as knowledge broker performing tasks related to effective knowledge transfer, networking and capacity building |
Chattu et al. [58] | CARICOM | 2019 | Health Promotion Perspectives | Global | Port of Spain Summit Declaration, outcome of GHD | review | systematic review | Impact of the NCDs regional summit declaration on global attention to the Prevention and Control of NCDs. |
McBride et al. [59] | – | 2019 | BMC Public Health | Global | GHD, Soft power, Global health agenda-setting, SDGs*, BRICS, G7, G20 | Original study | Content analysis to review the health ministerial communiqués issued by the political clubs after the SDGs were adopted at the UN General Assembly of September 2015 | The global health leadership of the BRICS, G7 and G20 represents an exercise of soft power and GHD on NCDs and their risk factors. |
Collins et al. [60] | – | 2019 | The bmj | Global | development cooperation, global action, | Commentary and perspectives | Report and review | Development South-South and triangular cooperation beyond North-South development assistance. |