Table 2 The comparisons of adults’ distress and anxiety issues during the COVID-19 pandemic across studies
Measure | Sample description; data collection time | Prevalence | Comparison with this study | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Distress | This study | 9.2% | – |  |
Kessler-6 | 369 adults in China, Feb 20–21, 2020 | 6.2% | −3.0% (−6.3 to 0.6%) χ2(1)=2.8, p = 0.10 | [24] |
Kessler-10 | 500 adults in Italy, April 10–13, 2020 | 18.6% | 9.4% (5.5 to 13.3%) χ2(1)=22.2, p < 0.0001 | [3] |
Kessler-6 | 1599 adults in China, Feb 1–4, 2020 | Mean (SD): 7.7 (±7.7) | 2.2% (1.49–2.8%) T (2198) = 6.4, p < 0.0001 | [25] |
Kessler-6 | 2032 adults in the U.S., late April 2020 | 27.7% | 18.5% (15.3 to 21.4%) χ2(1)=88.3, p < 0.0001 | [26] |
Anxiety | This study | 19.0% | – |  |
GAD-2 | 3088 adults in 32 provinces of China, Feb 20–27, 2020 | 13.2% | −5.83% (− 2.6% to − 9.3%) χ2(1)=13.9, p = 0.0002 | [27] |
GAD-2 | 3480 adults in Spain, March 21–27, 2020 | 21.6% | 2.3% (− 1.3 to 5.5%) χ2(1)=1.6, p = 0.21 | [28] |
GAD-7 | 103 adults in China, Feb 10–28, 2020 | 22.3% | 3.3% (− 4.4 to 12.7%) χ2(1)=0.6, p = 0.44 | [29] |
GAD-7 | 98 adults in Zhongshan, Guangdong in China, Feb 15–29, 2020 | 23.4% | 4.4% (−3.6 to 14.1%) χ2(1)=1.03, p = 0.31 | [30] |
GAD-7 | 4872 adults in China, Jan 31–Feb 2, 2020 | 22.6% | 3.6% (.1–6.8%) χ2(1)=4.0, p = .045 | [31] |
GAD-2 | 1577 adults in Wuhan, China, Feb 18–24, 2020 | 23.8% | 4.8% (.9–8.5%) χ2(1)=5.7, p = .017 | [32] |
GAD-7 | 1556 seniors older than 60 years in China | 37.1% | 18.1% (14.0–21.9%) χ2(1)=65.2, p < .0001 | [33] |