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Table 1 Cross-border health measures to control travel- and trade-related movements

From: Managing borders during public health emergencies of international concern: a proposed typology of cross-border health measures

 

INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC

TRAVEL-RELATED MEASURES

TRADE-RELATED MEASURES

WHETHER MOVEMENT PERMITTED

travel advisory or alert (recommendation) or restriction (requirement)

trade advisory or alert (recommendation) or restriction (requirement)

point of entry by land, air or sea open/closed

point of entry by land, air or sea open/closed

transport availability

transport availability

entry or exit restriction

import/export restriction

visa requirement

licensing requirement

essential travel documentation

essential goods or services documentation

ceilings and quotas

import/export quota

WHAT CONDITIONS MOVEMENT OCCURS

contact tracing

 

entry/exit fees and surcharges

import/export tariff

screening

inspection

testing

testing

quarantine/isolation

quarantine/isolation

disease free or vaccination certification

disease free or vaccination certification

information provision

information provision

vector surveillance and control [59]

vector surveillance and control