From: Policy responses to COVID-19: lessons for the global trade and investment regime
Broad intervention category | Intervention type | USA | Germany | France | China | SA | India |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Subsidies | Capital injection (e.g., bailouts) | Â | Â | 2 | Â | Â | Â |
Financial grant | 18 | Â | 8 | Â | Â | 3 | |
Interest payment subsidy | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 1 | |
Loan guarantee | Â | 4 | 4 | Â | Â | Â | |
Production subsidy | 1 | Â | Â | Â | Â | 7 | |
State aid | 28 | Â | Â | Â | Â | 3 | |
State loan | 2 | 9 | 11 | 1 | 3 | Â | |
Tax or social insurance relief | 1 | Â | 1 | 1 | Â | 1 | |
Trade finance | Â | 2 | Â | Â | Â | 2 | |
Tariffs and quantitative restrictions | Anti-dumping duty | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 |  | 19 |
Anti-subsidy duty | 3 |  |  | 1 |  | 1 | |
Export ban | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 1 | |
Export licensing requirement | 1 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 4 | |
Export quota | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 1 | |
Export-related NTM | 10 | Â | Â | Â | Â | 1 | |
Import ban | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 4 | |
Import licensing requirement | Â | Â | Â | 1 | Â | Â | |
Import tariff | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Â | 1 | |
Import tariff quota | Â | 2 | 1 | Â | Â | Â | |
Investment measures | FDI: Entry and ownership rule | Â | 1 | 2 | Â | Â | Â |
FDI: Treatment and operations, nes | 1 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Local sourcing | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 3 | |
Local operations | Â | 2 | 2 | Â | Â | Â | |
Public procurement | Public procurement localization | 1 | Â | Â | Â | Â | 4 |
Intellectual property protection | Compulsory licensing procedures | Â | 1 | 1 | Â | Â | Â |
TOTAL | 70 | 27 | 38 | 7 | 5 | 56 |