Table 1 Parameter settings of the SEQIR model and cost-benefit model

Panel A

COVID-19

Delta

Omicron

Range

\({{\varvec{R}}}_{0}\)

1.4~6.49 [40]

3 [50]

5.0~7.23 [51]

6.4 [50]

0~9 [41]

5.5~24 [52]

9.5 [50]

1.4~24

\(1/{{\varvec{\lambda}}}_{{\varvec{I}}}\)(day)

3~5 [28, 42]

5 [53]

6.8 [50]

2.13~6.19 [44]

3.9~5 [51]

3.7 [53]

5.8 [50]

BA.1: 2.48~7.22

BA.2:2.23~6.11 [44]

3 [50]

2~7.22

\(1/{\varvec{\gamma}}\)(day)

5~18 [28, 42]

8~10^a

11.3 [50]

11 [50]

5~18

\({{\varvec{\lambda}}}_{{\varvec{D}}}\)

0.005~0.01 [45, 46]

0.00071~0.002 [54]

0.00016~0.00136 [41]

0.0001~0.01

Panel B

Group

High control cost economy (High-income economy)

Low control cost economy (Upper-middle-income economy)

 \({Y}_{i}\)

USD$ 48,225.2^b (RMB: 33,7576)

USD $10,828^c (RMB: 75,796)

 \({C}_{Ei}\)

USD$3,045 (RMB:21,315) [15]

USD $3,192.76 (RMB: 22,061.9) [48]

 \({C}_{Wi}\)

USD $240/per day^d (RMB:1680)

¥272/per day [22]

 \({C}_{Qi}\)

USD $355/per day [49] (RMB:2485)

¥734.08/per day [48]